csv 文件:
–>逗号分隔文件。
–> 是纯文本格式,由逗号分隔一系列值。
–>它将所有行和字段存储在行和列中
–>可以用windows中任何文本编辑器打开。
格式:
f =open("sample.txt", "r") with open("sample.txt",’r’) as f:
r-read:打开文件进行读取
w-write:打开文件进行写入。创建一个新文件或覆盖现有文件。
rb-read 二进制文件:用于读取二进制文件,如图像、视频、音频文件、pdf 或任何非文本文件。
示例:
分数.csv:
player,score virat,80 rohit,90 dhoni,100
来自另一个模块:
import csv f =open("score.csv", "r") csv_reader = csv.reader(f) for row in csv_reader: print(row) f.close()
输出:
['player', 'score'] ['virat', '80'] ['rohit', '90'] ['dhoni', '100']
ASCII
美国信息交换标准码(ascii)
ascii 表:
参考:https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_html_ascii.asp
48-57 – 数字
65-91 – 从头到尾
97-122- a 到 z
ord-ordinal–>查找 ascii 数字
chr-character–>将数字转换为字符
使用 ascii 形成模式:
1)
for row in range(5): for col in range(row+1): print(chr(col+65), end=' ') print()
输出:
a a b a b c a b c d a b c d e
2)
for row in range(5): for col in range(5-row): print(chr(row+65), end=' ') print()
输出:
a a a a a b b b b c c c d d e
name = 'guru' for letter in name: print(letter,end=' ')
方法2:
name = 'guru' i = 0 while i<len(name): print(name[i],end=' ') i+=1
输出:
g u r u
使用 ascii 的字符串方法:
1.大写: 将第一个字符转换为大写。
txt = "hello, and welcome to my world." first = txt[0] if first>='a' and first<='z': first = ord(first)-32 first = chr(first) print(f"{first}{txt[1:]}")
输出:
hello, and welcome to my world.
2。 casefold: 将字符串转换为小写。
txt = "guruprasanna!" for letter in txt: if letter>='a' and letter<'z': letter = ord(letter)+32 letter = chr(letter) print(letter,end='')
输出:
guruprasanna!
3。计数: 返回指定值在字符串中出现的次数。
txt = "i love apples, apple is my favorite fruit" key = 'apple' l = len(key) count = 0 start = 0 end = l while end<len(txt): if txt[start:end] == key: count+=1 start+=1 end+=1 else: print(count)
输出:
2
#first occurrence of given key txt = "i love apples, apple is my favorite fruit" key = 'apple' l = len(key) start = 0 end = l while end<len(txt): if txt[start:end] == key: print(start) break start+=1 end+=1
输出:
7
#last occurrence of given key txt = "i love apples, apple is my favorite fruit" key = 'apple' l = len(key) start = 0 end = l final = 0 while end<len(txt): if txt[start:end] == key: final = start start+=1 end+=1 else: print(final)
输出:
15
任务:
查找给定输出的程序:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 1
输入:
for row in range(4): for col in range(7-(row*2)): print((col+1), end=' ') print()