redis栏目本篇主要阐述jedis对redis的五大类型的操作：字符串、列表、散列、集合、有序集合。
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##JedisUtil
这里的测试用例采用junit4进行运行，准备代码如下：
private static final String ipAddr = "10.10.195.112"; private static final int port = 6379; private static Jedis jedis= null; @BeforeClass public static void init() { jedis = JedisUtil.getInstance().getJedis(ipAddr, port); } @AfterClass public static void close() { JedisUtil.getInstance().closeJedis(jedis,ipAddr, port); }
其中JedisUtil是对jedis做的简单封装，代码如下：
import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool; import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig; public class JedisUtil { private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName()); private JedisUtil(){} private static class RedisUtilHolder{ private static final JedisUtil instance = new JedisUtil(); } public static JedisUtil getInstance(){ return RedisUtilHolder.instance; } private static Map<String,JedisPool> maps = new HashMap<String,JedisPool>(); private static JedisPool getPool(String ip, int port){ String key = ip+":"+port; JedisPool pool = null; if(!maps.containsKey(key)) { JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig(); config.setMaxActive(RedisConfig.MAX_ACTIVE); config.setMaxIdle(RedisConfig.MAX_IDLE); config.setMaxWait(RedisConfig.MAX_WAIT); config.setTestOnBorrow(true); config.setTestOnReturn(true); pool = new JedisPool(config,ip,port,RedisConfig.TIMEOUT); maps.put(key, pool); } else { pool = maps.get(key); } return pool; } public Jedis getJedis(String ip, int port) { Jedis jedis = null; int count = 0; do { try { jedis = getPool(ip,port).getResource(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("get redis master1 failed!",e); getPool(ip,port).returnBrokenResource(jedis); } } while(jedis == null && count<RedisConfig.RETRY_NUM); return jedis; } public void closeJedis(Jedis jedis, String ip, int port){ if(jedis != null) { getPool(ip,port).returnResource(jedis); } } } public class RedisConfig { //可用连接实例的最大数目，默认值为8； //如果赋值为-1，则表示不限制；如果pool已经分配了maxActive个jedis实例，则此时pool的状态为exhausted(耗尽)。 public static int MAX_ACTIVE = 1024; //控制一个pool最多有多少个状态为idle(空闲的)的jedis实例，默认值也是8。 public static int MAX_IDLE = 200; //等待可用连接的最大时间，单位毫秒，默认值为-1，表示永不超时。如果超过等待时间，则直接抛出JedisConnectionException； public static int MAX_WAIT = 10000; public static int TIMEOUT = 10000; public static int RETRY_NUM = 5; }
##键操作
@Test public void testKey() throws InterruptedException { System.out.println("清空数据："+jedis.flushDB()); System.out.println("判断某个键是否存在："+jedis.exists("username")); System.out.println("新增<'username','zzh'>的键值对："+jedis.set("username", "zzh")); System.out.println(jedis.exists("name")); System.out.println("新增<'password','password'>的键值对："+jedis.set("password", "password")); System.out.print("系统中所有的键如下："); Set<String> keys = jedis.keys("*"); System.out.println(keys); System.out.println("删除键password:"+jedis.del("password")); System.out.println("判断键password是否存在："+jedis.exists("password")); System.out.println("设置键username的过期时间为5s:"+jedis.expire("username", 5)); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2); System.out.println("查看键username的剩余生存时间："+jedis.ttl("username")); System.out.println("移除键username的生存时间："+jedis.persist("username")); System.out.println("查看键username的剩余生存时间："+jedis.ttl("username")); System.out.println("查看键username所存储的值的类型："+jedis.type("username")); }
输出结果：
清空数据：OK 判断某个键是否存在：false 新增<'username','zzh'>的键值对：OK false 新增<'password','password'>的键值对：OK 系统中所有的键如下：[username, password] 删除键password:1 判断键password是否存在：false 设置键username的过期时间为5s:1 查看键username的剩余生存时间：3 移除键username的生存时间：1 查看键username的剩余生存时间：-1 查看键username所存储的值的类型：string
##字符串操作
在Redis里面，字符串可以存储三种类型的值：
- 字节串(byte string)
- 整数
- 浮点数
###字节串
@Test public void testString() throws InterruptedException { jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("===========增加数据==========="); System.out.println(jedis.set("key1","value1")); System.out.println(jedis.set("key2","value2")); System.out.println(jedis.set("key3", "value3")); System.out.println("删除键key2:"+jedis.del("key2")); System.out.println("获取键key2:"+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("修改key1:"+jedis.set("key1", "value1Changed")); System.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("在key3后面加入值："+jedis.append("key3", "End")); System.out.println("key3的值："+jedis.get("key3")); System.out.println("增加多个键值对："+jedis.mset("key01","value01","key02","value02","key03","value03")); System.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03")); System.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03","key04")); System.out.println("删除多个键值对："+jedis.del(new String[]{"key01","key02"})); System.out.println("获取多个键值对："+jedis.mget("key01","key02","key03")); jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("===========新增键值对防止覆盖原先值=============="); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key1", "value1")); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2")); System.out.println(jedis.setnx("key2", "value2-new")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("===========新增键值对并设置有效时间============="); System.out.println(jedis.setex("key3", 2, "value3")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key3")); TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); System.out.println(jedis.get("key3")); System.out.println("===========获取原值，更新为新值==========");//GETSET is an atomic set this value and return the old value command. System.out.println(jedis.getSet("key2", "key2GetSet")); System.out.println(jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("获得key2的值的字串："+jedis.getrange("key2", 2, 4)); }
输出结果：
===========增加数据=========== OK OK OK 删除键key2:1 获取键key2:null 修改key1:OK 获取key1的值：value1Changed 在key3后面加入值：9 key3的值：value3End 增加多个键值对：OK 获取多个键值对：[value01, value02, value03] 获取多个键值对：[value01, value02, value03, null] 删除多个键值对：2 获取多个键值对：[null, null, value03] ===========新增键值对防止覆盖原先值============== 1 1 0 value1 value2 ===========新增键值对并设置有效时间============= OK value3 null ===========获取原值，更新为新值========== value2 key2GetSet 获得key2的值的字串：y2G
memcached和redis同样有append的操作，但是memcached有prepend的操作，redis中并没有。
###整数和浮点数
@Test public void testNumber() { jedis.flushDB(); jedis.set("key1", "1"); jedis.set("key2", "2"); jedis.set("key3", "2.3"); System.out.println("key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("key1的值加1："+jedis.incr("key1")); System.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("key2的值减1："+jedis.decr("key2")); System.out.println("获取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); System.out.println("将key1的值加上整数5："+jedis.incrBy("key1", 5)); System.out.println("获取key1的值："+jedis.get("key1")); System.out.println("将key2的值减去整数5："+jedis.decrBy("key2", 5)); System.out.println("获取key2的值："+jedis.get("key2")); }
输出结果：
key1的值：1 key2的值：2 key1的值加1：2 获取key1的值：2 key2的值减1：1 获取key2的值：1 将key1的值加上整数5：7 获取key1的值：7 将key2的值减去整数5：-4 获取key2的值：-4
在redis2.6或以上版本中有这个命令：incrbyfloat，即将键存储的值加上浮点数amount，jedis-2.1.0中不支持这一操作。
##列表
@Test public void testList()
{
jedis.flushDB();
System.out.println(“=添加一个list=”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “ArrayList”, “Vector”, “Stack”, “HashMap”, “WeakHashMap”, “LinkedHashMap”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “HashSet”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “TreeSet”);
jedis.lpush(“collections”, “TreeMap”);
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));//-1代表倒数第一个元素，-2代表倒数第二个元素
System.out.println(“collections区间0-3的元素：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”,0,3));
System.out.println(“=“);
// 删除列表指定的值 ，第二个参数为删除的个数（有重复时），后add进去的值先被删，类似于出栈
System.out.println(“删除指定元素个数：”+jedis.lrem(“collections”, 2, “HashMap”));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“删除下表0-3区间之外的元素：”+jedis.ltrim(“collections”, 0, 3));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections列表出栈（左端）：”+jedis.lpop(“collections”));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections添加元素，从列表右端，与lpush相对应：”+jedis.rpush(“collections”, “EnumMap”));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“collections列表出栈（右端）：”+jedis.rpop(“collections”));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“修改collections指定下标1的内容：”+jedis.lset(“collections”, 1, “LinkedArrayList”));
System.out.println(“collections的内容：”+jedis.lrange(“collections”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(“=”);
System.out.println(“collections的长度：”+jedis.llen(“collections”));
System.out.println(“获取collections下标为2的元素：”+jedis.lindex(“collections”, 2));
System.out.println(“===============================”);
jedis.lpush(“sortedList”, “3”,“6”,“2”,“0”,“7”,“4”);
System.out.println(“sortedList排序前：”+jedis.lrange(“sortedList”, 0, -1));
System.out.println(jedis.sort(“sortedList”));
System.out.println(“sortedList排序后：”+jedis.lrange(“sortedList”, 0, -1));
}
输出结果：
===========添加一个list=========== collections的内容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] collections区间0-3的元素：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] =============================== 删除指定元素个数：1 collections的内容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] 删除下表0-3区间之外的元素：OK collections的内容：[TreeMap, TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] collections列表出栈（左端）：TreeMap collections的内容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] collections添加元素，从列表右端，与lpush相对应：4 collections的内容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap, EnumMap] collections列表出栈（右端）：EnumMap collections的内容：[TreeSet, HashSet, LinkedHashMap] 修改collections指定下标1的内容：OK collections的内容：[TreeSet, LinkedArrayList, LinkedHashMap] =============================== collections的长度：3 获取collections下标为2的元素：LinkedHashMap =============================== sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3] [0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7] sortedList排序后：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3]
Redis中还有阻塞式的列表弹出命令以及在列表之间移动元素的命令：blpop, brpop, rpoplpush, brpoplpush等。
##集合（Set）
@Test public void testSet() { jedis.flushDB(); System.out.println("============向集合中添加元素============"); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet", "e6")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("删除一个元素e0："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e0")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("删除两个元素e7和e6："+jedis.srem("eleSet", "e7","e6")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet")); System.out.println("随机的移除集合中的一个元素："+jedis.spop("eleSet")); System.out.println("eleSet的所有元素为："+jedis.smembers("eleSet")); System.out.println("eleSet中包含元素的个数："+jedis.scard("eleSet")); System.out.println("e3是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e3")); System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e1")); System.out.println("e1是否在eleSet中："+jedis.sismember("eleSet", "e5")); System.out.println("================================="); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet1", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8","e7","e5")); System.out.println(jedis.sadd("eleSet2", "e1","e2","e4","e3","e0","e8")); System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e1并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e1")); System.out.println("将eleSet1中删除e2并存入eleSet3中："+jedis.smove("eleSet1", "eleSet3", "e2")); System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1")); System.out.println("eleSet3中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet3")); System.out.println("============集合运算================="); System.out.println("eleSet1中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet1")); System.out.println("eleSet2中的元素："+jedis.smembers("eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:"+jedis.sinter("eleSet1","eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:"+jedis.sunion("eleSet1","eleSet2")); System.out.println("eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:"+jedis.sdiff("eleSet1","eleSet2"));//eleSet1中有，eleSet2中没有 }
输出结果：
============向集合中添加元素============ 8 1 0 eleSet的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e6, e5] 删除一个元素e0：1 eleSet的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e7, e6, e5] 删除两个元素e7和e6：2 eleSet的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e8, e5] 随机的移除集合中的一个元素：e5 随机的移除集合中的一个元素：e2 eleSet的所有元素为：[e3, e4, e1, e8] eleSet中包含元素的个数：4 e3是否在eleSet中：true e1是否在eleSet中：true e1是否在eleSet中：false ================================= 8 6 将eleSet1中删除e1并存入eleSet3中：1 将eleSet1中删除e2并存入eleSet3中：1 eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet3中的元素：[e1, e2] ============集合运算================= eleSet1中的元素：[e3, e4, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet2中的元素：[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8] eleSet1和eleSet2的交集:[e3, e4, e0, e8] eleSet1和eleSet2的并集:[e3, e4, e1, e2, e0, e8, e7, e5] eleSet1和eleSet2的差集:[e7, e5]
关于Set还有一些其他命令：srandmember, sdiffstore, sinterstore, sunionstore等。
##散列
@Test public void testHash() { jedis.flushDB(); Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("key1","value1"); map.put("key2","value2"); map.put("key3","value3"); map.put("key4","value4"); jedis.hmset("hash",map); jedis.hset("hash", "key5", "value5"); System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetAll("hash"));//return Map<String,String> System.out.println("散列hash的所有键为："+jedis.hkeys("hash"));//return Set<String> System.out.println("散列hash的所有值为："+jedis.hvals("hash"));//return List<String> System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 6)); System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6："+jedis.hincrBy("hash", "key6", 3)); System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("删除一个或者多个键值对："+jedis.hdel("hash", "key2")); System.out.println("散列hash的所有键值对为："+jedis.hgetAll("hash")); System.out.println("散列hash中键值对的个数："+jedis.hlen("hash")); System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key2："+jedis.hexists("hash","key2")); System.out.println("判断hash中是否存在key3："+jedis.hexists("hash","key3")); System.out.println("获取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3")); System.out.println("获取hash中的值："+jedis.hmget("hash","key3","key4")); }
输出结果：
散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 散列hash的所有键为：[key4, key3, key5, key2, key1] 散列hash的所有值为：[value4, value3, value1, value2, value5] 将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6：6 散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=6, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 将key6保存的值加上一个整数，如果key6不存在则添加key6：9 散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key2=value2, key1=value1} 删除一个或者多个键值对：1 散列hash的所有键值对为：{key4=value4, key3=value3, key6=9, key5=value5, key1=value1} 散列hash中键值对的个数：5 判断hash中是否存在key2：false 判断hash中是否存在key3：true 获取hash中的值：[value3] 获取hash中的值：[value3, value4]
##有序集合
@Test public void testSortedSet() { jedis.flushDB(); Map<Double,String> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put(1.2,"key2"); map.put(4.0, "key3"); map.put(5.0,"key4"); map.put(0.2,"key5"); System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset", 3,"key1")); System.out.println(jedis.zadd("zset",map)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeWithScores("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScore("zset", 0,100)); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrangeByScoreWithScores("zset", 0,100)); System.out.println("zset中key2的分值："+jedis.zscore("zset", "key2")); System.out.println("zset中key2的排名："+jedis.zrank("zset", "key2")); System.out.println("删除zset中的元素key3："+jedis.zrem("zset", "key3")); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); System.out.println("zset中元素的个数："+jedis.zcard("zset")); System.out.println("zset中分值在1-4之间的元素的个数："+jedis.zcount("zset", 1, 4)); System.out.println("key2的分值加上5："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 5, "key2")); System.out.println("key3的分值加上4："+jedis.zincrby("zset", 4, "key3")); System.out.println("zset中的所有元素："+jedis.zrange("zset", 0, -1)); }
输出结果：
1 4 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4] zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]] zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key3, key4] zset中的所有元素：[[[107, 101, 121, 53],0.2], [[107, 101, 121, 50],1.2], [[107, 101, 121, 49],3.0], [[107, 101, 121, 51],4.0], [[107, 101, 121, 52],5.0]] zset中key2的分值：1.2 zset中key2的排名：1 删除zset中的元素key3：1 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key2, key1, key4] zset中元素的个数：4 zset中分值在1-4之间的元素的个数：2 key2的分值加上5：6.2 key3的分值加上4：4.0 zset中的所有元素：[key5, key1, key3, key4, key2]
有序集合还有诸如zinterstore, zunionstore, zremrangebyscore, zremrangebyrank, zrevrank, zrevrange, zrangebyscore等命令。
##排序sort
@Test public void testSort() { jedis.flushDB(); jedis.lpush("collections", "ArrayList", "Vector", "Stack", "HashMap", "WeakHashMap", "LinkedHashMap"); System.out.println("collections的内容："+jedis.lrange("collections", 0, -1)); SortingParams sortingParameters = new SortingParams(); System.out.println(jedis.sort("collections",sortingParameters.alpha())); System.out.println("==============================="); jedis.lpush("sortedList", "3","6","2","0","7","4"); System.out.println("sortedList排序前："+jedis.lrange("sortedList", 0, -1)); System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.asc())); System.out.println("升序："+jedis.sort("sortedList", sortingParameters.desc())); System.out.println("==============================="); jedis.lpush("userlist", "33"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "22"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "55"); jedis.lpush("userlist", "11"); jedis.hset("user:66", "name", "66"); jedis.hset("user:55", "name", "55"); jedis.hset("user:33", "name", "33"); jedis.hset("user:22", "name", "79"); jedis.hset("user:11", "name", "24"); jedis.hset("user:11", "add", "beijing"); jedis.hset("user:22", "add", "shanghai"); jedis.hset("user:33", "add", "guangzhou"); jedis.hset("user:55", "add", "chongqing"); jedis.hset("user:66", "add", "xi'an"); sortingParameters = new SortingParams(); sortingParameters.get("user:*->name"); sortingParameters.get("user:*->add"); System.out.println(jedis.sort("userlist",sortingParameters)); }
输出结果：
collections的内容：[LinkedHashMap, WeakHashMap, HashMap, Stack, Vector, ArrayList] [ArrayList, HashMap, LinkedHashMap, Stack, Vector, WeakHashMap] =============================== sortedList排序前：[4, 7, 0, 2, 6, 3] 升序：[0, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7] 升序：[7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0] =============================== [24, beijing, 79, shanghai, 33, guangzhou, 55, chongqing]
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