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CollabSphere 部分设置模块化 Django 聊天应用程序


CollabSphere 部分设置模块化 Django 聊天应用程序

嘿开发者!欢迎来到第一个 collabsphere 系列。在这篇文章中,我们将使用模块化架构设置 collabsphere,将我们的应用程序分为不同的组件:用户、房间和聊天。

让我们开始吧!

项目结构和初始设置

设置虚拟环境

# create a folder named `collabsphere` mkdir collasphere  cd collasphere  # create a new virtual environment python -m venv .venv  # activate the virtual environment # for Windows .venvscriptsctivate # for macos/linux source .venv/bin/activate  # install required packages pip install django djangorestframework channels pip install python-dotenv  # for environment variables 

创建 django 项目

# create a new django project django-admin startproject collabsphere . mkdir apps cd apps  # create our main chat, users, and room application python manage.py startapp chat python manage.py startapp users python manage.py startapp rooms   

项目配置

# collabsphere/settings.py  import os from pathlib import path  base_dir = path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent  installed_apps = [     'django.contrib.admin',     'django.contrib.auth',     'django.contrib.contenttypes',     'django.contrib.sessions',     'django.contrib.messages',     'django.contrib.staticfiles',      # third-party apps     'rest_framework',     'channels',      # local apps     'apps.users.apps.usersconfig',     'apps.rooms.apps.roomsconfig',     'apps.chat.apps.chatconfig', ]  # custom user model auth_user_model = 'users.user'  # update app directories import sys sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(base_dir, 'apps'))  

为我们的依赖项需求创建requirements.txt

# command pip freeze > requirements.txt   asgiref==3.8.1 django==5.1.3 djangorestframework==3.15.2 python-decouple==3.8 sqlparse==0.5.2 typing_extensions==4.12.2 pillow == 11.0.0 channels 

url 配置

# collabsphere/urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include  urlpatterns = [     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),     path('', include('apps.users.urls')),     path('rooms/', include('apps.rooms.urls')),     path('chat/', include('apps.chat.urls')), ]   this will be our path to our applications 

项目组织

这是我们最终的项目结构:

CollabSphere/ ├── apps/ │   ├── users/ │   │   ├── migrations/ │   │   ├── __init__.py │   │   ├── admin.py │   │   ├── apps.py │   │   ├── forms.py │   │   ├── models.py │   │   ├── urls.py │   │   └── views.py │   ├── rooms/ │   │   ├── migrations/ │   │   ├── __init__.py │   │   ├── admin.py │   │   ├── apps.py │   │   ├── models.py │   │   ├── urls.py │   │   └── views.py │   └── chat/ │       ├── migrations/ │       ├── __init__.py │       ├── admin.py │       ├── apps.py │       ├── consumers.py │       ├── models.py │       ├── urls.py │       └── views.py ├── collabSphere/ │   ├── __init__.py │   ├── asgi.py │   ├── settings.py │   ├── urls.py │   └── wsgi.py ├── static/ ├── docs/ ├── tests/ ├── manage.py └── requirements.txt 

这种结构的主要优点

  • 关注点分离:每个应用程序处理其特定功能
  • 可维护性:更容易维护和调试代码
  • 可扩展性:可以轻松添加新功能或修改现有功能
  • 可重用性:应用程序可以在其他项目中重用
  • 测试:更容易编写和组织测试

下一步

在下一篇文章中,我们将介绍:

  • 用户模型(扩展django的abstractuser)
  • 自定义用户注册
  • 登录/注销视图
  • 用户个人资料

资源

django 文档

collabsphere github 链接

这就是今天的全部内容。我们将在下一个系列中见到您!

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